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Heat flow and temperature gradient data from Spain
This dataset provides geothermal gradient and heat flow estimates derived from temperature loggings in 187 oil exploration wells across Spain, including 43 located in offshore marine areas. The measurements were used to create a preliminary heat flow map of the Iberian Peninsula and surrounding shelf waters. The mean heat flow on land is 82 mW m⁻², while offshore areas exhibit higher values averaging 99 mW m⁻²—both exceeding the European continental average. A regional trend shows increasing heat flow toward the Mediterranean coast, which inversely correlates with crustal thickness. Corresponding Moho temperatures range from 720°C in central Spain to 880°C near …